Prefixos e sufixos

PREFIXOS E SUFIXOS

“In July of 1994, OMB published in the Federal Register its ‘Notice of Proposal to Replace the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) with a New North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).’ OMB announced that the new system would be based on the single organizing standard of like production processes but assured interested parties that after 1997, when NAICS would be implemented for the first time with the US economic census scheduled for that year, ECPC would turn to the task of creating a separate market-oriented system for organization data about products.(…) The preface to the NAICS manual restated that second principle. (…)” (p.516)

“(NAICS) is unique among industry classifications in that it is constructed within a single conceptual framework. Economic units that have similar production processes are classified in the same industry, and the lines drawn between industries demarcate, to the extent practicable, differences in preproduction processes. The supply-based, or production-oriented, economic concept was adopted for NAICS because an industry classification system is a framework for collecting and publishing information on both inputs and outputs, for statistical uses that require that inputs be used together and be classified consistently (...)” (p. 516)

“ (...) The rhetoric implies that NAICS is a breakthrough in economic classification and that it plays a special role as the only such scheme capable of organizing knowledge economy data coherently (…) And the ability to measure productivity extends beyond national boundaries when the entire North American economy is organized according to the same underlying principle. Although the ECPC had acquiesced to the demand-side advocates by promising to create a product classification system, it had accomplished the more immediate goal of creating a new lens with which to focus on the new information-dependent global economy.”(p. 516-517)

“(...)The industries in the Information Science are distinctive for their efforts at commodifying information. The economy activity they engage in may produce goods, such as books, or services, such as database searching. But those outcomes are secondary to the act of binding the provision of information to the protection of copyright in such a way that the one cannot be easily unbound from the other, no matter the actual or virtual form of the information product.” (p. 517)

“ This apparently simple categorization is quickly complicated, however, by the inclusion of ‘ activities that provide the means for distributing those products, other than through traditional wholesale-retail distribution channels’ (Office of Management and Budget, 1998, p.3). In other words, some Information Sector establishments do not transform information products. The sector’s dual focus on product and product dissemination makes it possible to consign book, periodical, and software publishing, satellite and wireless telecommunications, online news services, and libraries to the same broad sector.” ( p.517)

PREFIXOS

restated - fazer de novo

preproduction - antecendente a

inputs - dentro

outputs - fora

underlying - abaixo

periodical – por

unbound - indica negação

breakthrough – quebrar

SUFIXOS

Published – indica passado

Classification - indica substantivo

Organizing – indica gerúndio

Processes – indica flexão verbal 3ª pessoa do singular

Products – indica plural

Practicable – indica advérbio

“It is difficult to reconcile the Information Sector’s actual unifying principle with NAICS’s asserted underlying concept of like production processes. Information’s hybridity-it includes goods, services, and something else unnamed-complicates the category. And the category itself contributes to the complexity by creators, managers and distributors of information resources in a single class labeled information within the increasingly significant and contested area of intellectual property in the age of digital creation and dissemination. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, U.S. copyright law revisions have tended to privilege protection over dissemination (Lessig, 2001; Vaidhyanthan, 2001). The NAICIS conceptualization of an Information Sector reflects that context and suggests just how out of step SIC had become with a segment of the economy constructed not out of production of or demand for goods or services but out of the convergence of legal and technical developments that helped create not just “information as thing,” as Buckland (1991) phrased it, but Information as profitable thing, as commodity and, ultimately in aggregation, as sector.”

Since the implementation of NAICS in 1997, the information segment of the economy has changed considerably, or at least the discourse about it has.(…) separate subcategories such as software publishing and book publishing. Consequently, the ECPC decided that it was more important to be able to track changes related to the development of the Internet than to provide(…) Instead, the focus seems to have shifted to the product incorporating(…) Thus, the conceptualization of the “(except Internet)” category suggests a lack(…)

In addition to undermining the principle that sought to build consistency into the classification’s framework, the 2002 revisions also play (…)It is perhaps inelegant to suggest that we allow “information” to stand in place of madness. But if we do insert the word information in place(…) And third, that classification also is shaped by its historical and economic contexts even as it shapes(…) Whithin the overall structure of the classification system are subsets of the economy(…) SIC perpetuated antiquated notions about the information industries that did not accurately record how those industries had changed by the last decades of the twentieth century.”(…) In 2002, that category has been modified by the parenthetical phrase “(except Internet)”. (…) The NAICS itself was the big break in continuity, departing as it did from the structure and numbering system of its predecessor SIC. (…) But its creation suggests that the ECPC’s interest in tracking emerging trends takes precedence over its determination(…) economic data can be used to make comparisons and evaluate trends in the transnational(…) In Foucault’s formulation, we can see his point and make three derivative points.

PREFIXOS

Reconcile - fazer de novo

Unifying - negação

Underlying - abaixo

Unnamed - negação

Increasingly - dentro

Undermining - abaixo

Incorporating - dentro

SUFIXOS

Emerging – gerúndio

Production - substantivo

Includes - flexão verbal 3ª pessoa do singular

Labeled - passado

Creation - substantivo

Notions - plural

Formulation - substantivo

Points – plural

SIC located what would com to be known as the information industries in various categories of several major groups: Major Group 27, Printing and Publishing; Major Group 48, Communications; 73, Business Services; 78, Motion Picture; and 82, Educational Services. This scatering, as seen from the vantage point of NAICS, revealed the organization of the economy as well as government bureaucrats’ understanding of the organization of the economy.

(...) For example, newspapers were not understood to be information or even carriers of or vehicles for the distribution of information.

(...) Unlike newspapers, syndicates produced no identifiable tangible object; they thus were classed as an Industry Group under the Business Services Major Group under the Services (...)

(...) Noted economists and industries representatives discussed the shortcomings of SIC and the possibility that an entirely new system was needed. (...)

(...) with background material outlining a justification for it, in the Fedeal Register (Standard Industrial Classification Replacement, 1994). (...)

(...) It was during that public comment process that the call for a internatinal deimenion to the new classificatory scheme started to take shape, even trough the ECPC had neither addressed the topic inits first twoissues(...)

(...) our analysis is limited to those that reveal the rhetoric of the underlying concept of like production processes, (...)

Sufixo

Located - passado

Industries - plural

Categories - plural

Printing - gerúndio

Publishing - substantivo

Information - substativo

Needed - passado

Replacement - substantivo

PREFIXO

Understanding - abaixo

Information - dentro

Unlike - negação

International - dentro

Underlying - abaixo

“It is difficult to reconcile the Information Sector’s actual unifying principle with NAICS’s asserted underlying concept of like production processes. Information’s hybridity-it includes goods, services, and something else unnamed-complicates the category. And the category itself contributes to the complexity by creators, managers and distributors of information resources in a single class labeled information within the increasingly significant and contested area of intellectual property in the age of digital creation and dissemination. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, U.S. copyright law revisions have tended to privilege protection over dissemination (Lessig, 2001; Vaidhyanthan, 2001). The NAICIS conceptualization of an Information Sector reflects that context and suggests just how out of step SIC had become with a segment of the economy constructed not out of production of or demand for goods or services but out of the convergence of legal and technical developments that helped to recreate not just “information as thing,” as Buckland (1991) phrased it, but Information as profitable thing, as commodity and, ultimately in aggregation, as sector.”

We assert that industrial classificatory systems emerge out and as “discursive formations” (Foucault, 1972) that solidify into naturalized categories that are used to measure, in the case of NAICS as the exemplar, exploring the discourse as the core of the scheme and in selected texts documenting its development and revision. Specifically, we trace the instantiation of a fundamental design element of NAICS – the idea of a classification system for economic data must be built on a single underlying concept – from its tirst public utterance in 1991 to its implementation in 1997 and its proposed revision in 2002. We consider that ramifications of adhering to a single economic principle when information as sector is a stake and the sustainability of that single principle when information as a commodity distributed through many platforms, such as the Internet or newspapers, is at issue.

Tracking the various various statements about the principle underlying NAICS makes it possible to contextualize the creation and revision of information as sector, highlighting it as a constructed class rather than a natural category that merely refers to the assumed reality of a global, information-based economy. From critical social science perspective, Fairclough et al. (2000) have noted that language represents the material is shaped by the language chosen to represent it. Therefore, understanding the discourse aids understanding of the information age. (...)”

SIC located what would com to be known as the information industries in various categories of several major groups: Major Group 27, Printing and Publishing; Major Group 48, Communications; 73, Business Services; 78, Motion Picture; and 82, Educational Services. This scatering, as seen from the vantage point of NAICS, revealed the organization of the economy as well as government bureaucrats’ understanding of the organization of the economy. For example, newspapers were not understood to be information or even carriers of or vehicles for the distribution of information. In the SIC hierarchy, Newspapers consituted an Industry Group under the Printing Publishing, and Allied Industries Major Group, which has under the broad Manucfaturing Division. In other words, a newspaper was the tangible output that resulted from a particular manufacturing process involving printing. If the printing took place on textiles rather than on newsprint, it too belong in the Manufactoring Division, but in the Textile Mill Products (rather than the Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries) Major Group. Like newspapers, news syndicates were not constructed as information os as distributors of information. Unlike newspapers, syndicates produced no identifiable tangible object; they thus were classed as an Industry Group under the Business Services Major Group under the Services (as opposed to Manufacturing) Division (Office of Management and Budget, 1987).

PREFIXOS

Emerge – Para fora

Unlike – indica negação

Unnamed – não nomeado

Recreate – indica repetição

SUFIXOS

Twentieth – transforma o numero de cardinal para ordinal

Complexity – transforma em substantivo

Naturalized – indica passado

Documenting – indica gerúndio

Sustainability – transoforma em substantivo

Contextualize – transofrma em verbo

Distributors – indica aquele que executa