LIsta de substantivos
Lista de substantivos usada em trabalho da disciplina Estratégias em Leitura de Língua Inglesa
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
April 2003
“The creation of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) in 1997 signaled a dramatic and influential break with the past by replacint the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) scheme in use until then to organize data about the US economy. In addition to its transnational nature, this classification system reflies a conceptualization of “information” as both an object to be measured and as a central sector of an ultimately global economy. The notion of information as economic sector as encoded in NAICS ranks it on a par with 19 other major economic sectors including longstanding stalwarts such as manufacturing, agriculture, and retail trade as well as other new classes such health care and socvial assistance. As this paper will demonstrate, information’s character as a measureable object of economy activity firmly anchored in the notion of copyright, and its function as an economic “sector” is predicated on the overall NAICS organizing strategy of aggregating industries on the basis of similar processes of production.
The transition from SIC to NAICS was accompained by a large number of documents, position papers, and proceedings. Especially useful this regard are the notices published in the Federal Register, a US government publication designed to allow agencies to inform the public about their proposed rules and regulations, publish supporting documents, invite public comment, report on the impact of agency actions. These documents can be read as a series of evolving ideas, convictions and decisions that ultimately solidify into the new classification scheme.”
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
Creation criação
Classification classificação
System sistema
Scheme esquema
Data dados
Economy economia
Nature natureza
Sector setor
Stalwarts destemido
Agriculture agricultura
Paper papel
Activity atividade
Notion noção
Copyright direito autoral
Function função
Strategy estratégia
Transition transição
Documents documentos
Proceedings procedimentos
Regard consideração
“It is difficult to reconcile the Information Sector’s actual unifying principle with NAICS’s asserted underlying concept of like production processes. Information’s hybridity-it includes goods, services, and something else unnamed-complicates the category. And the category itself contributes to the complexity by creators, managers and distributors of information resources in a single class labeled information within the increasingly significant and contested area of intellectual property in the age of digital creation and dissemination. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, U.S. copyright law revisions have tended to privilege protection over dissemination (Lessig, 2001; Vaidhyanthan, 2001). The NAICIS conceptualization of an Information Sector reflects that context and suggests just how out of step SIC had become with a segment of the economy constructed not out of production of or demand for goods or services but out of the convergence of legal and technical developments that helped create not just “information as thing,” as Buckland (1991) phrased it, but Information as profitable thing, as commodity and, ultimately in aggregation, as sector.”
(Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology- April 2003- page 518)
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
· Principle princípio
· Production produção
· Services serviços
· Something alguma coisa/ algo
· Category categoria
· Distributors aquele que distribui/ distribuidor
· Resources recurso
· Área área/ zona
· Property propriedade
· Age idade
· Creation criação
· Centuries séculos
· Law lei
· Protection proteção
· Dissemination disseminação
· Context contexto
· Suggests sugestões
· Step passo
· Segment segmento
· Production produção
· Demand demanda
· Convergence convergência
· Developments desenvolvimento
· Thing coisa
Publication publicação
Agencies agências
Rules regras
Actions ações
Ideas idéias
Convictions convicções
Decisions decisões
“In July of 1994, OMB published in the Federal Register its ‘Notice of Proposal to Replace the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) with a New North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).’ OMB announced that the new system would be based on the single organizing standard of like production processes but assured interested parties that after 1997, when NAICS would be implemented for the first time with the US economic census scheduled for that year, ECPC would turn to the task of creating a separate market-oriented system for organization data about products.(…) The preface to the NAICS manual restated that second principle. (…)” (p.516)
“(NAICS) is unique among industry classifications in that it is constructed within a single conceptual framework. Economic units that have similar production processes are classified in the same industry, and the lines drawn between industries demarcate, to the extent practicable, differences in preproduction processes. The supply-based, or production-oriented, economic concept was adopted for NAICS because an industry classification system is a framework for collecting and publishing information on both inputs and outputs, for statistical uses that require that inputs be used together and be classified consistently (...)” (p. 516)
“ (...) The rhetoric implies that NAICS is a breakthrough in economic classification and that it plays a special role as the only such scheme capable of organizing knowledge economy data coherently (…) And the ability to measure productivity extends beyond national boundaries when the entire North American economy is organized according to the same underlying principle. Although the ECPC had acquiesced to the demand-side advocates by promising to create a product classification system, it had accomplished the more immediate goal of creating a new lens with which to focus on the new information-dependent global economy.”(p. 516-517)
“ (...) SIC had scattered the information industries, but NAICS gathered them together. Among the 20 major divisions, called “ Sectors” in NAICS, Sector 51 represents ‘ Information’, in all its guises, in an arrangement of finer categories signified down to a six-digit level.( …) such a conceptualization raised other issues , however, and the three nations representatives went on to discuss the ways in which the Information Sector conformed to neither the goods nor the services sectors of the traditional economy. (…)” (p. 517)
“(...)The industries in the Information Science are distinctive for their efforts at commodifying information. The economy activity they engage in may produce goods, such as books, or services, such as database searching. But those outcomes are secondary to the act of binding the provision of information to the protection of copyright in such a way that the one cannot be easily unbound from the other, no matter the actual or virtual form of the information product.” (p. 517)
“ This apparently simple categorization is quickly complicated, however, by the inclusion of ‘ activities that provide the means for distributing those products, other than through traditional wholesale-retail distribution channels’ (Office of Management and Budget, 1998, p.3). In other words, some Information Sector establishments do not transform information products. The sector’s dual focus on product and product dissemination makes it possible to consign book, periodical, and software publishing, satellite and wireless telecommunications, online news services, and libraries to the same broad sector.” ( p.517)
“ The possibility of enhancing information products – by packaging conten with advertising or by adding a search engine- and reselling the enhanced product at higher prices reflecting the added value” ( p.517)
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
· Task tarefa, serviço, obrigação, ofício
· North norte
· Preface prefácio, prólogo, introdução
· Standard padrão, critério
· Framework armação, moldura, esqueleto, sistema
· Supply fornecimento, estoque, oferta, suprimento
· Lines linhas
· Demand demanda
· Input receptor (informática), depósito, força, intensidade (mecânica)
· Breakthough corta caminho
· Boundary limite, fronteira
· Lens lente
· Periodical periódico
· Goal objetivo, meta
· Guise modo, aparência, maneira, pretexto
· Advocates advogados
· Issue questão, assunto, edição(revista), prole, fluxo, origem
· Effort esforço
· Principle princípio
· Outcome resultado
· Market mercado
· Nations nações
· Database banco de dados
· Unbound solto, desatado
· Focus foco
· Wholesail-retail atacado-varejo
· Wireless rádio
· Enhancing aumento
“SIC located what would com to be known as the information industries in various categories of several major groups: Major Group 27, Printing and Publishing; Major Group 48, Communications; 73, Business Services; 78, Motion Picture; and 82, Educational Services. This scatering, as seen from the vantage point of NAICS, revealed the organization of the economy as well as government bureaucrats’ understanding of the organization of the economy. For example, newspapers were not understood to be information or even carriers of or vehicles for the distribution of information. In the SIC hierarchy, Newspapers consituted an Industry Group under the Printing Publishing, and Allied Industries Major Group, which has under the broad Manufaturing Division. In other words, a newspaper was the tangible output that resulted from a particular manufacturing process involving printing. If the printing took place on textiles rather than on newsprint, it too belong in the Manufactoring Division, but in the Textile Mill Products (rather than the Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries) Major Group. Like newspapers, news syndicates were not construed as information os as distributors of information. Unlike newspapers, syndicates produced no identifiable tangible object; they thus were classed as an Industry Group under the Business Services Major Group under the Services (as opposed to Manufacturing) Division (Office of Management and Budget, 1987).”
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
· Task tarefa, serviço, obrigação, ofício
· Industries indústrias
· Categories categorias
· Groups grupos
· Communications comunicações
· Business negócios
· Serviços serviços
· Picture figura
· Vantage vantagem
· Organization organização
· Newspaper jornais
· Vehicles veículos
· Distribution distribuição
· Hierarchy hierarquia
· Division divisão
· Words palavras
· Particular particular
· Products produtos
· Process processo
· Place lugar
· Syndicates sindicatos
· Object objeto
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
April 2003
“The creation of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) in 1997 signaled a dramatic and influential break with the past by replacint the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) scheme in use until then to organize data about the US economy. In addition to its transnational nature, this classification system reflies a conceptualization of “information” as both an object to be measured and as a central sector of an ultimately global economy. The notion of information as economic sector as encoded in NAICS ranks it on a par with 19 other major economic sectors including longstanding stalwarts such as manufacturing, agriculture, and retail trade as well as other new classes such health care and socvial assistance. As this paper will demonstrate, information’s character as a measureable object of economy activity firmly anchored in the notion of copyright, and its function as an economic “sector” is predicated on the overall NAICS organizing strategy of aggregating industries on the basis of similar processes of production.
The transition from SIC to NAICS was accompained by a large number of documents, position papers, and proceedings. Especially useful this regard are the notices published in the Federal Register, a US government publication designed to allow agencies to inform the public about their proposed rules and regulations, publish supporting documents, invite public comment, report on the impact of agency actions. These documents can be read as a series of evolving ideas, convictions and decisions that ultimately solidify into the new classification scheme.”
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
Creation criação
Classification classificação
System sistema
Scheme esquema
Data dados
Economy economia
Nature natureza
Sector setor
Stalwarts destemido
Agriculture agricultura
Paper papel
Activity atividade
Notion noção
Copyright direito autoral
Function função
Strategy estratégia
Transition transição
Documents documentos
Proceedings procedimentos
Regard consideração
“It is difficult to reconcile the Information Sector’s actual unifying principle with NAICS’s asserted underlying concept of like production processes. Information’s hybridity-it includes goods, services, and something else unnamed-complicates the category. And the category itself contributes to the complexity by creators, managers and distributors of information resources in a single class labeled information within the increasingly significant and contested area of intellectual property in the age of digital creation and dissemination. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, U.S. copyright law revisions have tended to privilege protection over dissemination (Lessig, 2001; Vaidhyanthan, 2001). The NAICIS conceptualization of an Information Sector reflects that context and suggests just how out of step SIC had become with a segment of the economy constructed not out of production of or demand for goods or services but out of the convergence of legal and technical developments that helped create not just “information as thing,” as Buckland (1991) phrased it, but Information as profitable thing, as commodity and, ultimately in aggregation, as sector.”
(Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology- April 2003- page 518)
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
· Principle princípio
· Production produção
· Services serviços
· Something alguma coisa/ algo
· Category categoria
· Distributors aquele que distribui/ distribuidor
· Resources recurso
· Área área/ zona
· Property propriedade
· Age idade
· Creation criação
· Centuries séculos
· Law lei
· Protection proteção
· Dissemination disseminação
· Context contexto
· Suggests sugestões
· Step passo
· Segment segmento
· Production produção
· Demand demanda
· Convergence convergência
· Developments desenvolvimento
· Thing coisa
Publication publicação
Agencies agências
Rules regras
Actions ações
Ideas idéias
Convictions convicções
Decisions decisões
“In July of 1994, OMB published in the Federal Register its ‘Notice of Proposal to Replace the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) with a New North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).’ OMB announced that the new system would be based on the single organizing standard of like production processes but assured interested parties that after 1997, when NAICS would be implemented for the first time with the US economic census scheduled for that year, ECPC would turn to the task of creating a separate market-oriented system for organization data about products.(…) The preface to the NAICS manual restated that second principle. (…)” (p.516)
“(NAICS) is unique among industry classifications in that it is constructed within a single conceptual framework. Economic units that have similar production processes are classified in the same industry, and the lines drawn between industries demarcate, to the extent practicable, differences in preproduction processes. The supply-based, or production-oriented, economic concept was adopted for NAICS because an industry classification system is a framework for collecting and publishing information on both inputs and outputs, for statistical uses that require that inputs be used together and be classified consistently (...)” (p. 516)
“ (...) The rhetoric implies that NAICS is a breakthrough in economic classification and that it plays a special role as the only such scheme capable of organizing knowledge economy data coherently (…) And the ability to measure productivity extends beyond national boundaries when the entire North American economy is organized according to the same underlying principle. Although the ECPC had acquiesced to the demand-side advocates by promising to create a product classification system, it had accomplished the more immediate goal of creating a new lens with which to focus on the new information-dependent global economy.”(p. 516-517)
“ (...) SIC had scattered the information industries, but NAICS gathered them together. Among the 20 major divisions, called “ Sectors” in NAICS, Sector 51 represents ‘ Information’, in all its guises, in an arrangement of finer categories signified down to a six-digit level.( …) such a conceptualization raised other issues , however, and the three nations representatives went on to discuss the ways in which the Information Sector conformed to neither the goods nor the services sectors of the traditional economy. (…)” (p. 517)
“(...)The industries in the Information Science are distinctive for their efforts at commodifying information. The economy activity they engage in may produce goods, such as books, or services, such as database searching. But those outcomes are secondary to the act of binding the provision of information to the protection of copyright in such a way that the one cannot be easily unbound from the other, no matter the actual or virtual form of the information product.” (p. 517)
“ This apparently simple categorization is quickly complicated, however, by the inclusion of ‘ activities that provide the means for distributing those products, other than through traditional wholesale-retail distribution channels’ (Office of Management and Budget, 1998, p.3). In other words, some Information Sector establishments do not transform information products. The sector’s dual focus on product and product dissemination makes it possible to consign book, periodical, and software publishing, satellite and wireless telecommunications, online news services, and libraries to the same broad sector.” ( p.517)
“ The possibility of enhancing information products – by packaging conten with advertising or by adding a search engine- and reselling the enhanced product at higher prices reflecting the added value” ( p.517)
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
· Task tarefa, serviço, obrigação, ofício
· North norte
· Preface prefácio, prólogo, introdução
· Standard padrão, critério
· Framework armação, moldura, esqueleto, sistema
· Supply fornecimento, estoque, oferta, suprimento
· Lines linhas
· Demand demanda
· Input receptor (informática), depósito, força, intensidade (mecânica)
· Breakthough corta caminho
· Boundary limite, fronteira
· Lens lente
· Periodical periódico
· Goal objetivo, meta
· Guise modo, aparência, maneira, pretexto
· Advocates advogados
· Issue questão, assunto, edição(revista), prole, fluxo, origem
· Effort esforço
· Principle princípio
· Outcome resultado
· Market mercado
· Nations nações
· Database banco de dados
· Unbound solto, desatado
· Focus foco
· Wholesail-retail atacado-varejo
· Wireless rádio
· Enhancing aumento
“SIC located what would com to be known as the information industries in various categories of several major groups: Major Group 27, Printing and Publishing; Major Group 48, Communications; 73, Business Services; 78, Motion Picture; and 82, Educational Services. This scatering, as seen from the vantage point of NAICS, revealed the organization of the economy as well as government bureaucrats’ understanding of the organization of the economy. For example, newspapers were not understood to be information or even carriers of or vehicles for the distribution of information. In the SIC hierarchy, Newspapers consituted an Industry Group under the Printing Publishing, and Allied Industries Major Group, which has under the broad Manufaturing Division. In other words, a newspaper was the tangible output that resulted from a particular manufacturing process involving printing. If the printing took place on textiles rather than on newsprint, it too belong in the Manufactoring Division, but in the Textile Mill Products (rather than the Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries) Major Group. Like newspapers, news syndicates were not construed as information os as distributors of information. Unlike newspapers, syndicates produced no identifiable tangible object; they thus were classed as an Industry Group under the Business Services Major Group under the Services (as opposed to Manufacturing) Division (Office of Management and Budget, 1987).”
SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO
· Task tarefa, serviço, obrigação, ofício
· Industries indústrias
· Categories categorias
· Groups grupos
· Communications comunicações
· Business negócios
· Serviços serviços
· Picture figura
· Vantage vantagem
· Organization organização
· Newspaper jornais
· Vehicles veículos
· Distribution distribuição
· Hierarchy hierarquia
· Division divisão
· Words palavras
· Particular particular
· Products produtos
· Process processo
· Place lugar
· Syndicates sindicatos
· Object objeto
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